Parental Control in Latino Families: an Integrated Review of the Literature

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The Long-term Protective Effects Family Factors have on Delinquency among Latino Youth PowerPoint Presentation

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The Long-term Protective Furnishings Family Factors take on Malversation amid Latino Youth

The Long-term Protective Effects Family Factors accept on Delinquency among Latino Youth

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The Long-term Protective Furnishings Family Factors have on Delinquency among Latino Youth

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1. The Long-term Protective Furnishings Family Factors have on Delinquency amidst Latino Youth Northward Carolina Criminal Justice Clan Annual Meeting February xix, 2011 Albert M. Kopak, Ph.D.

2. Background -Mexican heritage youth: 18% of all xvi-25 yr olds (Pew Hispanic Center, 2009) -Latino adolescent males: 12% of males arrested (Role of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 1999) -Latino adolescents 2x more likely to be incarcerated compared to Whites (Mauer & Rex, 2007)

3. Theory • Criminological theory on the family: • Nye'south (1958) control theory held the family unit as the most important unit of social control over adolescents • Direct controls-monitoring, discipline • Indirect controls-amore, expectation, bonding • Positive family bonds tin can consistently reinforce prosocial adolescent behavior (Hirschi, 1969). • Important cultural components: • Familismis a core Latino cultural tradition (Castro & Alarcón, 2002) • Acculturation can take a significant consequence on family

4. Parents, family factors, & malversation • Studies conducted with predominantly White youth: • Different family unit factors may or may not be related to delinquency (Patterson & Stouthamer-Loeber, 1984). • Regularity of family activities and parental back up in adolescence accept been establish to predict lower levels of delinquency in early on adulthood (Hair et al., 2008). • Studies with predominantly Latino youth: • Familial connectedness predicted violent behaviors and monitoring predicted gang-related malversation (Kerr et al., 2003).

5. Enquiry Aims 1. Investigate the relative influence of family and parenting factors on: A. involvement in delinquency? B. rates of delinquency for adolescents that have reported engaging in information technology? 2. Examine whether these effects last from adolescence into emerging machismo. three. Determine whether effects are dissimilar for adolescent males compared to females.

6. Data -National Longitudinal Report of Boyish Health (AddHealth) -Predictors – Moving ridge I In-home interviews (1994-1995) -Outcome measures – Wave 2 In-home interviews (1996); Wave III In-domicile interviews (2001-2002) -Mexican heritage youth (n=1,165)

7. Measures • Predictors • Family unit closeness: 4 items (α = .76) • Ex. How much do you experience that…you and your family take fun together? • Parental warmth: 3 items (α = .85) • Ex. Most of the time your mother (or Father) is warm and loving toward you • Parental command: 7 items (α= .61) • Ex. Do your parents let you make your own decisions about…the time you lot must exist home on weekend nights? • Controls • Delinquent activities at Wave 1 • Age • Parents' education (proxy for socioeconomic status) • Family unit structure • Gender

8. Measures • Outcomes: self-reported malversation sum score at Moving ridge II and Wave Three: 7 items • Ex. In the past 12 months, how oftentimes did yous… go into a house or edifice to steal something? (α = .63; α = .65)

9. Methods • -Loglikelihood test and Vuong's statistic • support zero-inflated negative binomial regression

10. Descriptive Statistics

11. Results Only i gene predicted odds of delinquent interest and rates of malversation: Notation: Parenting & family unit variables were standardized Models controlled for historic period, family structure, gender, & prior delinquency ; **p<.01, *p<.05

12. Results Practice parenting/family factors protect against involvement and increases in rates of delinquency differently by gender? Note: Model controlled for age, family unit structure, gender, & prior malversation;*p<.05

13. Give-and-take i. Parental control protected confronting delinquent involvement, but one time adolescents became involved, more control was related to increased delinquency. 2. Family unit closeness and parental warmth were non related to delinquent involvement or rates of delinquency 3. None of the family-parenting variables had effects that lasted into early adulthood. -Family factor effects may be weakening by this developmental period, but malversation is typically decreasing by this time.

14. Give-and-take iii. Parental command was the only protective factor nether certain weather for Mexican heritage youth -Contrary to other research that has found command to be less important than cohesion and support (e.g. Smith & Krohn, 1995) -Largest proportion (38%) of Mexican heritage youth in this study are third generation or beyond. Possibility of Americanized family unit practices? -Protected against delinquent involvement every bit but was positively associated with rates of malversation

15. Word four. Family closeness were more protective against runaway involvement for Mexican heritage females compared to males -Mexican heritage girls take been establish to report college levels of parental monitoring and attachment compared to their male peers (Cota-Robles & Gamble, 2005) 5. However, parental warmth was associated with greater rates of delinquency for Mexican heritage girls that reported at to the lowest degree some runaway involvement -Are girls disconnecting themselves from their parents and spending more time with male peers involved in delinquency?

16. References Cota-Robles, Due south. & Gamble, W. (2005). Parent-boyish processes and reduced hazard for delinquency: The effect of gender for Mexican American adolescents. Youth & Guild, 37(four), 375-392 Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. Grand., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control in Latino families: An integrated review of the literature. Kid Development, 77(v), 1282-1297. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press. Hair, Due east. C., Moore, K. A., Garrett, S. B., Ling, T., & Cleveland, K. (2008). The continued importance of quality parent-child relationships during late adolescence. Periodical of Research on Adolescence, 18(one), 187-200. Kerr, Grand. H., Brook, K., Shattuck, T. D., Kattar, C., Uriburu, D. (2003). Family involvement, problem and prosocial behavior outcomes of Latino youth. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(Supplement i), S55-S65.

17. References Mauer, M. & King, R. Southward. (2007). Uneven justice: State rates of incarceration by race and ethnicity. Retrieved from The Sentencing Commission website: http://www.sentencingproject. org/doc/publications/rd_stateratesofincbyraceandethnicity.pdf Office of Juvenile Justive and Malversation Prevention. (1999, December). Minorities in the juvenile justice system. OJJDP Juvenile Justice Bulletin (NCJ 179007). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice. Nye, I. F. (1958). Family relationships and delinquency behavior. New York: John Wiley. Pew Hispanic Center. (2009). Between Two Worlds: How Young Latinos Come up of Age in America. Washington D.C. Samiengo, R. Y. & Gonzales, N. A. (1999). Multiple mediators of the effects of acculturation condition on delinquency for Mexican American adolescents. American Periodical of Community Psychology, 27(ii), 189-210. Smith, C. & Krohn, M. D. (1995). Delinquency and family life among male adolescents: The part of ethnicity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 24(1), 69-93.

18. References Steidel, A. G. & Contreras, J. Chiliad. (2003). A new familism scale for use with Latino populations. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 25, 312-330. Varela, R. E., Vernberg, E. M., Sanchez-Sosa, J. J., Riveros, A., Mitchell, Chiliad., & Mashunkashy, J. (2004). Parenting way of Mexican, Mexican American, and Caucasian-Not-Hispanic Families: Social context and cultural influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 18, 651-657. Warr, M. (2007). The tangled web: delinquency, deception, and parental zipper. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36, 607-622.

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